Laparoscopes

=__Laparascopes and Laparascopy__= toc
 * __**Total Internal Reflection:**__ A ray of light that hits a "medium boundary" at an angle larger than a critical angle. ||

What is it?
====Laparoscopy is a type of surgery in which a small tube is inserted in your abdomen and then to your organs to examine the insides of your body. It is a non invasive surgery. Fibre optics come into play in this case to project the clear image of your organs to your doctor to see.====



__Laparoscopy/endoscopy timeline __
> He used an aluminum tube light with candle light and fitted mirrors to reflect the images. >
 * ===** 1585 **// Aranzi // was the first person to use light for a minimal invasive procedure. He focused sunlight through a small flask of water to show light in the nasal cavity. ===
 * **1806** Philip Bozzini built a tube that was able to project images of the organs. He called his instrument Lichtleiter.
 * ** 1867 ** Desormeaux used an open tube with alcohol and turpentine with a flame to make a brighter beam of light
 * ** 1901 ** used wore head mirrors to reflect light
 * ** 1901 ** the first Laparascopy was performed in Berli
 * ** 1911 ** The tool used was half a diameter and normal light was used for illumination
 * ** 1973 ** A safe anesthesia was found for laparascopy

>
 * **1994** a robotic arm is used for holding the telescope which reduces the need for a steady hand to hold the camera

A man named //Harold Hopkins// designed a scope that reflects and image using flexible glass fibres. In order for this image to be reflected, there has to be a light source.
A laparoscope is a long thin tube in which is inserted into the abdomen during surgery to examine organs. In addition to the reflected image from the flexible glass fibres, there is also a camera at the end of the tube. This make the image being reflected 100% clear. The tube varies in size.

==== Fibre optic endoscopy is based upon //total internal reflection// of light, which means that 100% of the light that is shun onto the organs, reflects back and creates the image that the physicians see. ====
 * Table of contents ||
 * what are Laparoscopes? ||
 * Timeline ||
 * How does it work? ||
 * total internal reflection ||